In this incident, on 4 February 1922, when a large group of protesters, participating in Gandhi's non-cooperation movement clashed with police, who opened fire and killed three protesters. Jouhar was, however, disillusioned by the failure of the Khilafat movement and Gandhi's suspension of non-cooperation movement in 1922, owing to the Chauri Chaura incident. He was arrested by British authorities and imprisoned for two years for what was termed as a seditious speech at the meeting of the Khilafat Conference. Jouhar also wholeheartedly supported Gandhi's call for a national civil resistance movement, and inspired many hundreds of protests and strikes all over India. Now accorded the title of Maulana, Ali formed, in 1921, a broad coalition with nationalist leaders like Shaukat Ali, Abul Kalam Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari as well as Mahatma Gandhi, who then enlisted the support of the Indian National Congress and many thousands of Hindus, who joined the Muslims in a demonstration of unity against the British government. British government's rejection of their demands resulted in the formation of the Khilafat committee which directed Muslims all over India to protest and boycott the British government. He represented the Muslim delegation that travelled to England in 1919 to convince the British government to influence the Turkish nationalist Mustafa Kemal not to depose the Sultan of Turkey, who was the Caliph of Islam and the presumed leader of all Islamic nations of that time. Mohammad Ali Jouhar "had the unique distinction of having directed the affairs of the three most important political parties/movements in the country-The Indian National Congress, the All India Muslim League and the Khilafat movement." He remained active in the League till 1928. Jouhar had attended the founding meeting of the All India Muslim League in Dacca in 1906, and served as its president in 1918. Jouhar worked hard to expand the Aligarh Muslim University, then known as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, and was one of the co-founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia in 1920, which was later moved to Delhi.
Amjadi Begum was actively involved in the national and Khilafat movement. He moved to Delhi in 1912 and there he launched an Urdu-language daily newspaper Hamdard in 1913.
It quickly gained circulation and influence. He launched the English weekly The Comrade in 1911 in Calcutta. He became a writer and an orator of the first magnitude and a farsighted political leader, writing articles in major British and Indian newspapers like The Times, London, The Manchester Guardian and The Observer. Upon his return to India, he served as education director for the Rampur state, and later joined the Baroda civil service. ĭespite the early death of his father, Jauhar attended Aligarh Muslim University and, in 1898, Lincoln College, Oxford, studying modern history. To this end, was adamant that her sons were properly educated. His mother Abadi Begum (1852–1924), affectionately known as Bi Amman, inspired her sons to take up the mantle of the struggle for freedom from Colonial rule. His brothers were Shaukat, who became a leader of the Khilafat Movement, and Zulfiqar. His father, Abdul Ali Khan, died when he was five years old. Mohammad Ali was born in 1878 in Najibabad, Rampur State.